Heat recuperating apparatus of the cowper type and a brick for the honeycomb structure



Jan. 24, 1933. G. SIMON 145911235l HEMI' RECUPERATING APPARATUS OF THEGOWPER TYPE AND vA BRICK FOR THE HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 25,.1951 5 sheets-sheet 1 ai i; 5b

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PE A ING APPARATUS oF THE cow HEAT RECU PER TYPE AND A IGK FOR THEHONEYCOMB STRUCTURE Filed DSG. 23. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ESWC@ Jan. 24,1933.

HEAT REC RATING BRICK FoR TRE RoNEYcoMB STRUCTURE Filed 23. 1931 s sh1,895,235 AND G. SIMON APPARATUS OF THE COWPER TYPE.

eecs--Sheet` 3 l \Y W \Y WW W W WW WW WW W i TW w WW" Affare" ley(Patented Jan. 24, 1933 HEAT BECUP'EMTING APPARATUS 0F THE COWPER TYPEAND I HONEYCOMB S'.l.1R.UCPFU'BJEv UNITED "s'iATi-:s`

,PATENT OFFICE lciiizoiauiiis srMoN, or BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, AssIGNon 'roSOCIT ANoNYME noUennE MABIHAYE, oF OUGREE, BELGIUM, A COMPANY or BELGIUMA BRICK ron 'rmi l Application med December 28, 1931. Serial No.582,897. v, i

4The present invention relates toa heat recuperating-apparatus of the.Cowper type, comprising a checkerwork or stack of refracto bricks,forming longitudinal ducts throug which the gases iow. I

'These checkerworks which five years, and are 'at the pr'sent timeemloyed in some thirty installations. They ave the great advantage inthe first place of comprisin no sharp angles (right angle or acute ange) and inthe second place of having a heating surface which is strictlyproportional tothe heat capacity. The gasl passes through them withpractically no refA sistance, and without leaving any trace of dusttherein. to the brics formed long candles mounted at fairly considerableheights, and, like all other s stems, ein loying the same type ofstacking iiat forme an arrangement which in time, as the result ofcontractions, developed tende encies to move, to deviate fromtheiroriginal vertical position and to collapse at certain points for aheight of several metres.

Moreover, whatever may be the conditions of working with this type ofstacking, heat` is transmitted in a very ra id and intense manner to theupper part o the apparatus, thus producing distortions and irregularcontractions and a very low thermal efficiency in the lower two thirdsof the apparatus, together with very different iiuid speeds. In `spiteof these phenomena, the eiliciency of the ap aratus reaches 84%,

ccording to the invention and in order to remove this disadvantage, theexchange of heat between the hot gases and the bricks is increased asthese gases approach the outlet end ofthe apparatus, and for thispurpose the stacking is formed of diiferent bricks which, while leavinga practically constant section-of passage for the gases, have, in thedirection of flow of the hot gases, a useful surface increasing in ratiowith their volume. .y These bricks and particularly the vlower bricks ofthe checkerwork are so shaped that J \y present time these interlocking.

Thev grating sup 'o shaped to suit the clix In comparison with existinggratings it has the advantage of .being lighter and more p. simple.

are of hexag onal section have been in currentY use for lIn the knownregulating apparatus with accelerated: draught it has upto the presenttimebeen possiblle to recover from 80-87% ofthe heat. The losses maybeIconsidered to be dueto:

1. 3-770 at the chimney 4 2. 10-13% by radiation (average 12%). Thegreater part. of this radiation comes ,from the cupola and to'f or 8metres below the cupola. The'cupola in fact concentrates the highestinternal temperature and cannot be insulated as perfectly as theremainder of the apparatus. Moreover,on vaccount of its elevatedposition-,itis more strongly subjected to all atmospheric influences,such as rain or snow, wind and frost.

This difficulty has hitherto been remediedw by increasing the thicknessof refractoryinaterial and also by making the cover of the apparatusoverla Neither the radiation rting these bricks is eckerwork itsupports.

nor the result o the' above mentioned influence has been completelyovercome.

In order to remove this disadvantage, according to theinvention, the airintended for the combustion is made vto flow through a casing whichsurrounds the upper partof theV apparatus. In this manner the airinjected, instead of being cold, is raised to a temperaf ture forexample of T0-80 C. by the recuperatiton .of a part of the radiatedheat, and the apparatus iS thus actually removed from atmosphericinfiuence. v

i The accompanying drawings illustrate by Vway of example and in anonlin'iiting inanner one embodiment of the invention.' The inventionalso extends to the various original features which the arrangementshown comprises. l

Figure l is a diagrammatic sectional View of a Cowper apparatusaccording to the invention. A Y

Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of a lower layer of bricks in thecheckerwork.

Figures 3, 4 and 5 are respectively perspective partial Views of a brickin the lower part of the honeycomb, a brick in the upper part of thehoneycomb, and an intermediate 'led through the duct 2, passed throughaconvergent-divergent nozzle 2a and then burned in the presence ofoxidizing air injected under pressure. The combustion of the gases iscompleted in the well 4. When the burnt gases have reached the cupola 5l they again descend through the ducts 6 and 6a of the checkerwork, wich they heat and then escape through the ducts 7 to the chimne FV'henthe apparatus cools, fresh air enters '25 through the duct 7, passesthrough the checkerwork in which it is heated and then escapes throughthe duct 8 from which it is delivered to suitableconsuming apparatussuch as blast furnaces.

The upper part 6 of the :checkerwork is formed by a stack'of bricks 171n which the ratio between the surface and the volume of each brick 17is smaller thanthe same ratio in the case of the bricks 16 forming thelower parta of the stack.

Between these two parts' of 'the checkerwork is interposedalayer ofbricks 18 of special form, for` connecting together the shapes of the uprand lower bricks. These various kinds o bricks are describedhereinafter.

The checkerwork structure is carried by a. grating 9 resting on sup orts9a.

The sheet metal cupo a 5a is covered by vanother cupola 5b which issubstantially concentric, and projects out over a certain part of theheight of the apparatus, for example a quarter. These two cupolasbetween them form a spherical and cylindrical air jacket. The base ofthis jacket is pierced with numerous holes such as 10. The upper part ofthis jacket is connected by a heat insulated pipe 11 (shown in dottedlines) with a fan shown diagrammatically at 110i:` The air forcombustion is drawn in through the holes 10,

heated by its passage through the jacket,

iows through the duct 11 and is delivered by the fan to the duct 2a.Thus, instead of de- ,livering cold air, air is injected which has atemperature of about TO-80 C.

The advantages of this method are chiefly as follows:

1. The initial cupola 5a and the apparatus itself are protected in a.practical manner from atmospheric influences;

2. The loss in temperature is very small,l

as the ducts such as 11 are heat insulated, as also may be the cupola 5bitself;

3. The saving in heat is about 1% on the total delivery of the blastfurnace to which the Cowper apparatus is coupled.

The bricks forming the lower part 6a of the'stack comprise four holes,as will be seen in Figures 2 and 3. Two of these holes are provided onone side with a seating 12 while the other side of the brick comprises acircular projection 12a whereby the bricks can interengage. When anumber of these bricks are connected together, they have in plan viewthe appearance shown in Figure 2, in which the joints between each ofthe bricks are shown in full lines. The arrangement of two successivelayers of bricks is established by a relative displacement between thebricks of each layer, so that one brickin theupper layer serves forconnecting two adjacent bricks in the lower layer.

In Figure 2 the joints between the bricks in the upper layer are shownin dotted lines.

This enables the arrangement of these bricks to be followed with ease.The locking and interengaging stack of bricks thus formed is very rigid.Moreover, the holes in the bricks coincide and form ducts which have nosharp angles.

Figure 4 shows a View of a brick forming the upper part of thecheckerwork. This brick comprises one hole only. In comparison with thebrick shown in Figure 3 the ratio of the useful surface to the volume ofthe brick is smaller than in the case shown in Figure 4. This brick alsocomprises seatings and projections 12b and 12o similar to those shown inFigure 3. 7

The connection between the upper part of the stack employing the bricksshown in Fi ure 4 and the lower part employing the brics shown in Figure3, is obtained by bricks `such as that shown in iFigure 5. These brickscomprise one hole only, which on' one face (back face) is ident of theupper checkerwork and on the other face (front face) has the form of acover for the four holes in a brick of the lower part of the honeycomb.1

Seatings and projections identical to those shown in Figures 3 and 4 areprovided on the bricks shown in Figure 5.

The grating 9 (Figure 6) is formed of plates of suitable dimensions withregard to the distance between the supports such as 9a. These plates arepierced with holes which are identical both in form and arrangement toVthose in the lower bricks. YSoinefofthese holes may be provided withproj ions such as 9b for cooperating with there'cesses in the lowerstack of bricks.

The supports 9a which carry these gratings are placed on supportingcolumns 14. They are formed by two parallel beams 9a stayed ical to theholes in a brick 'i by 'cross ribs 15, 15a, 15b castlwith the beams.These beams are also provided at their lower part with abutments 15ocooperating with the upper part of the columns let.

As shown in Figure 7, the upper part of each of the beams is providedwith recesses for giving freedom to the holes in the grating which aresituated immediately belo'a1 these beams (Figure 6) For this purpose therecesses are formed laterally in the case of holes which only fallpartlyon the said beams, while the upper part of these beams is bevclledwhen the holes lie over the whole thickness of the beam.

Naturally the invention is not limited to the form of the recessesshown.

It is to be understood that the method and apparatus described abovemust simply be considered as a constructional example of the invention,and that numerous modifications may be made in the spirit of theinvention or in the scope of the following claims.

lVhat I claim is:

l. In a heat recuperating apparatus of the Cowper type, a eheckerwork ofrefractory material formed by superposed, horizontal layers of joinedbricks, each brick being elongated and provided with a plurality ofapertures for the formation of channels for the passage of gas,l thebricks of successive layers being intercrossed in a manner such that theapertures forming passages of one brick of one layer correspond with theapertures of a plurality of bricks of adjacent layers, annular seatssurrounding one extremity of two of the apertures of each brick, annularprojections corresponding to the seats formed at the other extremity ofthe two apertures,

the bricks of each layer being constructed in a manner such that theapertures provided with seats and the annular projections are positionedat the angles of regular polygonal figures, the sides of which are equaland parallel, the projections provided on one brick of one layer beingengaged in the seats of two bricks of an adjacent layer.

2. In a heat recuperating apparatus of the -Cowper type, a checkerworkof refractory material formed by superposed horizontal layers of joinedbricks, each brick of the lower portion of said checkerworkbeingelongated and provided with a plurality of apertures for the formationof channels for the passage of gas, the bricks of successive layersbeing intercrossed in a manner such that the apertures forming passagesof one brick of one layer correspond with the apertures of a pluralityof bricks of adjacent layers, annular seats surrounding one extremity oftwo of the apertures of each brick, annular projections corresponding tothe seats formed at the other extremity of the two apertures', thebricks of eachV layer being constructed in a manner such that theapertures provided with seats and the annular projections are positionedat the angles of regular poly onal figures, the sides of which are equalan parallel, the projections provided of one brick of one layer beingengaged in the seats of two bricks of an adjacent layer, the bricks inthe upper part of the checkerwork being constructed .similarly to thosein the lower portion but having a single gas passage aperture extendingtherethrough of a cross-section larger than that of the apertures of thebricks of the lower part of the checkerwork, an intermediate layer ofbricks, each brick having the same number of apertures as the bricks inthe upper part of the checkerwork and adapted to connect the aperturesof the bricks in the upper and lower parts of the checkerwork, theextremities of the passage of the bricks in the upper portion of thecheckerwork being provided with interlocking seats and projections andthe bricks in the intermediate layer being provided with interlockingseats vand projections adapted 'to cooperate with those in both theupperand lower parts of the checkerwork.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

GEORGES SIMON.

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